network

发表于 2022-03-30 更新于 2024-08-14

参数

注：这些参数值不区分大小写，不区分单引号和双引号，甚至可以不用引号。

TYPE：配置文件接口类型。在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/目录有多种网络配置文件，有 Ethernet 、IPsec 等类型，网络接口类型为 Ethernet。
DEVICE：网络接口名称
BOOTPROTO：系统启动地址协议
- none：不使用启动地址协议
- bootp：BOOTP协议
- dhcp：DHCP动态地址协议
- static：静态地址协议
ONBOOT：系统启动时是否激活
- yes：系统启动时激活该网络接口
- no：系统启动时不激活该网络接口
IPADDR：IP地址
NETMASK：子网掩码
GATEWAY：网关地址
BROADCAST：广播地址
HWADDR/MACADDR：MAC地址。只需设置其中一个，同时设置时不能相互冲突。
PEERDNS：是否指定DNS。如果使用DHCP协议，默认为yes。
- yes：如果DNS设置，修改/etc/resolv.conf中的DNS
- no：不修改/etc/resolv.conf中的DNS
DNS{1, 2}：DNS地址。当PEERDNS为yes时会被写入/etc/resolv.conf中。
NM_CONTROLLED：是否由Network Manager控制该网络接口。修改保存后立即生效，无需重启。被其坑过几次，建议一般设为no。
- yes：由Network Manager控制
- no：不由Network Manager控制
USERCTL：用户权限控制
- yes：非root用户允许控制该网络接口
- no：非root用户不允许控制该网络接口
IPV6INIT：是否执行IPv6
- yes：支持IPv6
- no：不支持IPv6
IPV6ADDR：IPv6地址/前缀长度

例子

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:3d:bc:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.130/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe3d:bc2d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:3f:8b:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.66.130/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute ens37
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe3f:8b8f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:77:ee:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:77:ee:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

两块网卡，都使用静态 IP

ens33：内网（DEFROUTE=no）
ens37：外网（DEFROUTE=yes，DNS1=192.168.66.2）

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll
total 256
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   392 Apr 29 01:05 ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   413 Apr 29 01:08 ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   254 May 22  2020 ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    24 Apr 28 23:54 ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   654 May 22  2020 ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6532 May 22  2020 ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6190 Oct 14  2020 ifdown-ib
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   781 May 22  2020 ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4540 May 22  2020 ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    11 Apr 28 23:54 ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2130 May 22  2020 ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1068 May 22  2020 ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   870 May 22  2020 ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1456 May 22  2020 ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1621 Dec  9  2018 ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1556 Dec  9  2018 ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1462 May 22  2020 ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    22 Apr 28 23:54 ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12415 May 22  2020 ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   910 May 22  2020 ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13758 May 22  2020 ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10357 Oct 14  2020 ifup-ib
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12075 May 22  2020 ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11893 May 22  2020 ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     9 Apr 28 23:54 ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   650 May 22  2020 ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1064 May 22  2020 ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4997 May 22  2020 ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4154 May 22  2020 ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2001 May 22  2020 ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3303 May 22  2020 ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1755 Dec  9  2018 ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1876 Dec  9  2018 ifup-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2780 May 22  2020 ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1836 May 22  2020 ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5419 May 22  2020 init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20678 May 22  2020 network-functions
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 30988 May 22  2020 network-functions-ipv6

ifcfg-ens33

HWADDR=00:50:56:3D:BC:2D
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.0.130
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DEFROUTE=no
PEERDNS=no
PEERROUTES=no
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=a6580d4c-11b0-310b-946b-31ef503f326e
ONBOOT=yes
AUTOCONNECT_PRIORITY=-999

ifcfg-ens37

HWADDR=00:50:56:3F:8B:8F
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens37
UUID=45bffbcf-e3ce-3bcf-9a30-73f3ceec61e7
ONBOOT=yes
AUTOCONNECT_PRIORITY=-999
IPADDR=192.168.66.130
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.66.2
PEERDNS=no
PEERROUTES=no
DNS1=192.168.66.2

重启网络设置

1 2	[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network restart Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]

查看 ip 和 route

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:3d:bc:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.130/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe3d:bc2d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:3f:8b:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.66.130/24 brd 192.168.66.255 scope global noprefixroute ens37
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe3f:8b8f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:77:ee:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:77:ee:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip route
default via 192.168.66.2 dev ens37 proto static metric 101 
192.168.0.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.130 metric 100 
192.168.66.0/24 dev ens37 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.66.130 metric 101 
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1

代理

1	[root@localhost ~]# export https_proxy=http://192.168.0.88:7890 http_proxy=http://192.168.0.88:7890 all_proxy=socks5://192.168.0.88:7891